22. HRTO application review
22.1 2010-2011 HRTO Applications by ground
|
Ground |
Totals |
|
Disability |
53% |
|
Reprisal |
24% |
|
Sex, pregnancy and gender identity |
24% |
|
Race |
22% |
|
Colour |
16% |
|
Age |
15% |
|
Ethnic origin |
16% |
|
Place of origin |
13% |
|
Family status |
10% |
|
Ancestry |
11% |
|
Sexual solicitation or advances |
6% |
|
Creed |
6% |
|
Marital status |
6% |
|
Sexual orientation |
4% |
|
Association |
5% |
|
Citizenship |
5% |
|
Record of offences |
3% |
|
Receipt of public assistance |
1% |
|
No grounds |
2% |
Note: Because many applications claim discrimination based on more than one ground, the totals in the above charts exceed the total number of applications received. Also, while gender identity was added as a Code ground in 2012, in the past it was included under the ground of sex, as happens in this chart.
22.2 Number and percentage of HRTO applications citing creed by creed affiliation (2011-2012 fiscal year)
|
Number and percentage of HRTO Applications citing creed by creed affiliation (2011-2012 fiscal year) |
||
|
Religion/creed |
Number |
Percentage |
|
Muslim |
50 |
35.7% |
|
Christian |
49 |
35.0% |
|
Jewish |
15 |
10.7% |
|
Hindu |
10 |
7.1% |
|
No creed identified |
8 |
5.7% |
|
More than one creed identified** |
7 |
5.0% |
|
Aboriginal Spirituality |
4 |
2.9% |
|
Sikh |
3 |
2.1% |
|
Buddhist |
2 |
1.4% |
|
Witchcraft |
2 |
1.4% |
|
Elemental Magic* |
1 |
0.7% |
|
Ethical veganism* |
1 |
0.7% |
|
Kabala* |
1 |
0.7% |
|
Membership in Law Society of Canada* |
1 |
0.7% |
|
Non-religious |
1 |
0.7% |
|
Rastafarian* |
1 |
0.7% |
|
Taoism* |
1 |
0.7% |
|
Wiccan* |
1 |
0.7% |
|
Yoga system and cosmology* |
1 |
0.7% |
|
Zen* |
1 |
0.7% |
|
Zoroastrianism* |
1 |
0.7% |
|
Total*** |
161 |
115.0% |
*Grouped as miscellaneous in graph in body of text (10 or 7.1% in total)
**see Appendix 22.4 for specification of creeds identified in applications citing more than one creed
***The total exceeds 100% due to applications identifying more than one creed
Note: The creed of the applicant was determined by how applicants self-identified in applications. In some cases, applicants were discriminated against because of their perceived creed, which was sometimes different than their actual creed. In such cases, the perceived creed was counted, because of our interest in bases of discrimination on the ground of creed.
22.3 Number and percentage of HRTO applications citing creed by Christian denomination affiliation (2011-2012 fiscal year)
|
Number and percentage of HRTO applications citing creed by Christian denomination affiliation (2011-2012 fiscal year) |
|||
|
Christian denominations |
Number |
Percentage of total HRTO creed applications |
Percentage of Christian-identified applications |
|
Roman Catholic |
13 |
9.3% |
26.5% |
|
Christian (no specific denomination provided) |
13 |
9.3% |
26.5% |
|
Seventh Day Adventist |
8 |
5.7% |
16.3% |
|
Orthodox including Russian, Greek |
4 |
2.9% |
8.2% |
|
Born-again |
2 |
1.4% |
4.1% |
|
Protestant (no specific denomination provided) |
2 |
1.4% |
4.1% |
|
Anglican |
1 |
0.7% |
2.0% |
|
Armenian Catholic |
1 |
0.7% |
2.0% |
|
Biblical Church of God |
1 |
0.7% |
2.0% |
|
Christadelphian |
1 |
0.7% |
2.0% |
|
Methodist |
1 |
0.7% |
2.0% |
|
Pentecostal |
1 |
0.7% |
2.0% |
|
Spiritual Baptist |
1 |
0.7% |
2.0% |
|
Total identified |
49 |
35.0% |
100.0% |
22.4 HRTO creed applications in which applicant identifies with more than one creed (2011-2012 fiscal year)
|
Number of applications |
Creeds cited by applicant |
|
1 |
Christian and Hindu |
|
1 |
Christian and “Native Canadian” |
|
1 |
Witchcraft; Kabala; Taoism; Zen; Judaism; Yoga system and cosmology; Buddhism; Elemental magic |
|
1 |
Practicing Wiccan and Roman Catholic |
|
1 |
“Native”/Jewish |
|
1 |
Jewish/Buddhist |
|
1 |
Zoroastrianism and Jewish |
|
TOTAL: 7 |
|
22.5 Number and percentage of HRTO applications citing creed by creed affiliation (2010-2011 fiscal year)
|
Number and percentage of HRTO applications citing creed by creed affiliation (2010-2011 fiscal year) |
||
|
Religion/Creed |
Total |
Percentage |
|
Muslim |
57 |
31.8% |
|
Christian** |
48 |
26.8% |
|
No creed identified |
19 |
10.6% |
|
Jewish |
10 |
5.6% |
|
Atheist/humanist/agnostic |
9 |
5.0% |
|
Aboriginal Spirituality |
5 |
2.8% |
|
Non-religious |
5 |
2.8% |
|
Sikh |
4 |
2.2% |
|
Hindu |
4 |
2.2% |
|
Rastafarian |
4 |
2.2% |
|
Buddhist |
3 |
1.7% |
|
Raëlism |
3 |
1.7% |
|
More than one creed identified |
3 |
1.7% |
|
Falun Gong* |
1 |
0.6% |
|
Use of marijuana* |
1 |
0.6% |
|
Witchcraft* |
1 |
0.6% |
|
Believe in God* |
1 |
0.6% |
|
Pagan Vampire* |
1 |
0.6% |
|
Belief in being truthful* |
1 |
0.6% |
|
Belief in God, heaven, resurrection* |
1 |
0.6% |
|
Belief in respect and dignity for hard work* |
1 |
0.6% |
|
Belief in good business practice* |
1 |
0.6% |
|
Belief in honest business practice* |
1 |
0.6% |
|
Belief in fairness* |
1 |
0.6% |
|
Acceptance of all creeds* |
1 |
0.6% |
|
Total*** |
186 |
103.9% |
*May be grouped as miscellaneous (12 entries, 6.7% of total)
**See Appendix 22.6 below for further breakdown of Christian denominational affiliations
**The total exceeds 100% due to the number of applications identifying more than one creed
Note: The creed of the applicant was determined by how applicants self-identified in applications. In some cases, applicants were discriminated against because of their perceived creed, which sometimes was different than their actual creed. In such cases, the perceived creed was counted, because of our interest in bases of discrimination on the ground of creed.
22.6 Number and percentage of HRTO applications citing creed by Christian denomination affiliation (2011-2012 fiscal year)
|
Number and percentage of HRTO applications citing creed by Christian denomination affiliation (2011-2012 fiscal year)
|
|||
|
Christian denomination |
Number |
Percentage of total HRTO creed applications |
Percentage of Christian-identified applications |
|
Christian (no denomination provided) |
20 |
11.2% |
41.7% |
|
Roman Catholic |
9 |
5.0% |
18.8% |
|
Seventh Day Adventist |
4 |
2.2% |
8.3% |
|
Christian Orthodox including Eastern and Russian |
4 |
2.2% |
8.3% |
|
Jehovah’s Witness |
3 |
1.7% |
6.3% |
|
Pentecostal |
2 |
1.1% |
4.2% |
|
Coptic |
2 |
1.1% |
4.2% |
|
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints |
1 |
0.6% |
2.1% |
|
Mennonite |
1 |
0.6% |
2.1% |
|
Seventh Day Baptist |
1 |
0.6% |
2.1% |
|
Anglican Evangelical |
1 |
0.6% |
2.1% |
|
Total |
48 |
26.8% |
100.0% |
22.7 Number and percentage of HRTO applications citing creed by intersecting grounds (2011-12)
The following graph shows the number and percentage of 2011-2012 HRTO applications citing creed where an intersecting Code ground is also raised. Because many applications claim discrimination based on more than one ground, the totals in the chart far exceed the total number (140) of applications reviewed.
|
Number and percentage of HRTO applications citing creed by intersecting grounds |
||
|
Ground |
Number of applications in which this ground is cited |
Percentage of applications in which this ground is cited |
|
Ethnic origin* |
54 |
38.6% |
|
Place of origin* |
52 |
37.1% |
|
Race* |
48 |
34.3% |
|
No intersecting grounds |
40 |
28.6% |
|
Ancestry* |
36 |
25.7% |
|
Reprisal or threat of reprisal |
36 |
25.7% |
|
Colour |
32 |
22.9% |
|
Disability |
31 |
22.1% |
|
Sex, including sexual harassment and pregnancy |
16 |
11.4% |
|
Age |
16 |
11.4% |
|
Gender identity |
14 |
10.0% |
|
Family status |
11 |
7.9% |
|
Citizenship |
10 |
7.1% |
|
Sexual orientation |
6 |
4.3% |
|
Marital status |
5 |
3.6% |
|
Association with a person identified by a ground listed above |
4 |
2.9% |
|
Sexual Solicitation or Advances |
3 |
2.1% |
|
Record of offences |
3 |
2.1% |
|
Receipt of public assistance |
1 |
0.7% |
|
Gender expression |
0 |
0.0% |
|
Total |
518 |
370.0% |
**Race-related ground. When aggregated under the category of “race-related ground,” an application citing one or more race or related ground was counted once as citing a “race-related ground,” which gave us a total of 50.7% of all applications. Percentages were calculated against a denominator of total creed applications (140).
22.8 Percentage of HRTO creed applications citing intersecting ground – disaggregating race-related grounds (2011-2012)
Summary:
The following figures show the percentage of 2011-12 fiscal year HRTO applications citing creed as a ground that also cited intersecting grounds, based on OHRC data collected from the Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario (HRTO). Intersecting grounds cited in creed applications included: recipient of public assistance 0.7%; record of offences 2.1%; sexual solicitation or advances 2.1%; association 2.9%; marital status 3.6%; sexual orientation 4.3%; citizenship 7.1%; family status 7.9%; gender identity 10.0%; age 11.4%; sex 11.4%; disability 22.1%; colour 22.9%; reprisal or threat of reprisal 25.7%; ancestry 25.7%; no intersecting grounds 28.6%; race 34.3%; place of origin 37.1%; and ethnic origin 38.6%.
22.9 Breakdown of race and related grounds cited in HRTO creed applications citing intersecting grounds (2011-2012)
The following graph and chart show the number and percentage of 2011-2012 HRTO creed-based applications citing an intersecting race-related ground, relative to the total number (222) of intersecting race-related grounds cited in HRTO creed applications that year. The total is greater than 100% because more than one ground may be cited in an application.
|
|
Number |
Percentage (within race and related grounds) |
|
Race and related grounds |
222 |
158.6% |
|
Ethnic origin |
54 |
24.3% |
|
Place of origin |
52 |
23.4% |
|
Race |
48 |
21.6% |
|
Ancestry |
36 |
16.2% |
|
Colour |
32 |
14.4% |
22.10 Number and percentage of HRTO applications citing creed by intersecting grounds (2010-11 fiscal year)
The following graph shows the number and percentage of 2010-2011 HRTO applications citing creed where an intersecting prohibited ground under the Code is also raised. Because many applications claim discrimination based on more than one ground, the totals in the chart far exceed the total number (179) of applications reviewed.
Summary:
The following figures show the percentage of applications citing creed also citing intersecting grounds in the 2011-12 fiscal year, based on the OHRC’s collection and analysis of data from the Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario (HRTO). Of creed citing intersecting grounds: 0.6% cited marital status; receipt of public assistance 2.2%; sexual solicitation or advances 2.8%; record of offences 4.5%; sexual orientation 4.5%; association 7.8%; no intersecting ground 14.0%; sex 14.5%; age 15.1%; family status 16.2%; reprisal or threat of reprisal 30.7%; disability 31.3%; and race & related grounds 60.3%.
22.11 Number and percentage of HRTO applications citing creed by social area (2011-2012 fiscal year)
|
Number and percentage of HRTO applications citing creed by social area (2011-2012 fiscal year) |
||
|
Social area |
Number of applications citing this area |
Percentage of applications citing this area |
|
Employment |
102 |
72.9% |
|
Goods, services, facilities |
34 |
24.3% |
|
Housing |
4 |
2.9% |
|
Associations |
3 |
2.1% |
|
Contracts |
2 |
1.4% |
|
Total |
145 |
103.6% |
Note: The total is 103.6% because more than one social area can be cited in a single application.
22.12 HRTO creed applications compared to all HRTO applications by social area (2011-2012 fiscal year)
|
HRTO creed applications compared to all HRTO applications by social area (2011-2012 fiscal year) |
||
|
Social area |
All applications |
Creed applications |
|
Employment |
76.4% |
72.9% |
|
Goods, services, facilities |
21.0% |
24.3% |
|
Housing |
5.0% |
2.9% |
|
Contracts |
0.7% |
1.4% |
|
Associations |
0.7% |
2.1% |
22.13 HRTO applications citing creed by social area (2010-2011 fiscal year)
Note: The total is 105% because more than one social area can be cited in a single application
Summary:
The pie chart shows the number and percentage of Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario (HRTO) applications citing creed by social area in the 2010-11 fiscal year. Of the applications, 118 or 65.9% related to employment; 51 or 28.5% related to goods, services, and facilities; 9 or 5.0% related to housing; 6 or 3.4% related to contracts; 2 or 1.1% related to associations; and 2 or 1.1% related to no specific social area.
22.14 HRTO creed applications compared to all HRTO applications by social area (2010-2011 fiscal year)
Summary:
The following figures show the percentage of HRTO creed applications vs. all other HRTO applications, grouped by social area in the 2010-11 fiscal year. In the social area of employment, creed was cited in 65.9% of creed applications vs. 77.0% for all other applications. In the goods, services, and facilities social area, creed was cited in 28.5% of applications vs. 21.0% for all other applications. In the housing social area, creed was cited in 5.0% of applications vs. 6.0% for all other applications. In the contracts social area, creed was cited in 3.4% of applications vs. 2.0% for all other applications. In the social area of “membership in voluntary association or unions” (associations for short here), creed was cited in 1.1% of applications vs. 1.0% for all other HRTO applications. For applications that did not indicate a specific social area, creed was cited in 1.1% of applications vs. 1.0%% of all other applications.
22.15 Number and percentage of HRTO creed applications by applicant sex (2011-2012 fiscal year)
|
Gender |
Number |
Percentage |
|
Male |
80 |
57.1% |
|
Female |
48 |
34.3% |
|
Not indicated in application |
12 |
8.6% |
|
Total |
140 |
100.0% |
22.16 Number and percentage of HRTO applications citing creed by geographical region (2011-2012 fiscal year)
Geographical distribution in 2011-2012 HRTO creed applications was determined by the first letter of the applicant’s postal code. This is consistent with how the HRTO reports on the geographical region of origin of all HRTO applications.
|
Regions |
Number |
Percentage |
|
Central (L) |
66 |
47.1% |
|
Toronto (M) |
43 |
30.7% |
|
Eastern (K) |
14 |
10.0% |
|
Western (N) |
13 |
9.3% |
|
Northern (P) |
4 |
2.9% |
|
Total |
140 |
100.0% |
22.17 HRTO creed applications compared to all HRTO applications by geographical distribution (2011-2012 fiscal year)
|
Regions |
All applications |
Creed applications |
|
Eastern (K) |
11% |
10% |
|
Central (L) |
37% |
47% |
|
Toronto (M) |
25% |
31% |
|
Western (N) |
18% |
9% |
|
Northern (P) |
6% |
3% |
|
Other |
2% |
0% |
22.18 Geographical distribution of 2010-2011 HRTO applications citing creed, broken down by city/location
The OHRC’s review of 2010-11 HRTO creed applications classified them by city where the incident occurred, as revealed in the “Location of Discrimination” question in 7b of HRTO’s application form. These findings are not comparable with how the HRTO reports its application data, by region, or how we have here reported on the 2011-12 HRTO creed applications, both of which classify region by postal code. However, this data does give a more precise sense of where allegations of discrimination are occurring.
The largest group of 2010-11 HRTO creed applications alleged occurrences of discrimination in Toronto (45% of all applications). The next most frequent location was from Mississauga ( 8.3%), followed by Ottawa (4.7%), Brampton (4.1%) and 2.3% each from London, and Richmond Hill. Markham, Oakville and Oshawa each produced 1.7% of applications. Burlington, Guelph, Hamilton, Milton, Peel Region, St. Catharines and Wellington were the location of two applications; Ajax, Belleville, Brantford, Cambridge, Cobourg, Collingwood , Delhi, Dwight, Fort Eire, Grimbsy, GTA, King City, Kitchener, Newmarket, Niagara Falls, Orillia, Penetanguishene, Peterborough, Pickering, Sault Ste Marie, Seaforth, Seven Bridge, Sioux Lookout, Stoney Creek, Tecumseh, Thamesford, Thornhill, Vaughan, Welland, Windsor, Woodbridge, Woodstock, York Region were each the location of one application.